Resistant tissues of modern marchantioid liverworts resemble enigmatic Early Paleozoic microfossils

Pre-Modern and Early Modern Persian Literature: Written while Travelling?

In literary histories written in both Iran and the West it has generally be assumed that early modern Persian literary works are (technically inferior) copies of Western literary works. This has been and is still a claim. Almost no academically and scientifically sound works has substantiated this claim. While there is no point in denying a European influence on early modern Persian literature,...

Archean microfossils: a reappraisal of early life on Earth.

The oldest fossils found thus far on Earth are c. 3.49- and 3.46-billion-year-old filamentous and coccoidal microbial remains in rocks of the Pilbara craton, Western Australia, and c. 3.4-billion-year-old rocks from the Barberton region, South Africa. Their biogenicity was recently questioned and they were reinterpreted as contaminants, mineral artefacts or inorganic carbon aggregates. Morpholo...

Renal cysts of inv/inv mice resemble early infantile nephronophthisis.

Cystic kidney disease has been linked to mutations in the Invs gene in mice with inversion of embryonic turning (inv/inv) and the INVS (NPHP2) gene in infants with nephronophthisis type 2 (NPHP2). The inv mouse model features multiorgan defects including renal cysts, altered left-right laterality, and hepatobiliary duct malformations transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner. Affected mice u...

Suicide in Early Modern and Modern Europe

Suicide in Early Modern and Modern Europe

an act and a subject of discourse, in the early and late modern periods. It argues that, while publications on the theme have increased considerably in the past two decades, the problematic character of the evidence for suicide has led to afocus on attitudes to suicide at the expense of empirical investigations. The latter have largely confirmed the link between social isolation and suicide, po...